Why do we daydream and what goes on in our brain when our minds wander?

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Have you ever been through a romantic break up, unable to shift the ex from your thoughts? You are, obviously, not alone. CrowdScience listener Elkin, experienced just that. But rather than wallowing in self-pity, he sought out an explanation.

So, presenter Alex Lathbridge puts on his thinking cap to find out what role daydreaming plays and whether anything can be done to stop it.

0:00 Introduction
2:40 Elkin wants to know why he daydreams so much and how to reduce it
4:39 How science defines daydreaming
6:03 Why we daydream and how much time on average we do it
6:56 Alex takes part in a seven day, daydreaming test
9:47 Are we in control of our daydreams? Here's what happening in our brain
12:56 How long does it take a thought to form?
16:05 Meet Taylor, she's a maladaptive daydreamer
16:46 What is maladaptive daydreaming?
22:04 How common is maladaptive daydreaming?
24:13 Alex takes part in an attention span experiment
26:09 Load theory or theory of attention
26:47 Activities to try to help you daydream less
28:45 Conclusion

From rethinking laziness to why we lie, discover more from our CrowdScience podcast here ➡️ https://www.youtube.com/playli....st?list=PLz_B0PFGIn4

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Joe Biden has tested positive for Covid-19 and is experiencing mild symptoms, according to the White House.

Biden was expected to speak at the UnidosUS conference in Las Vegas, but this speaking engagement was canceled.

The US president addressed the NAACP convention, also in Las Vegas, on June 16.

Biden previously had Covid in July 2022.


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#Health #US #BBCNews

Labour is set to win a UK general election landslide with a majority of 170, according to an exit poll for the BBC, ITV and Sky.

If the forecast is accurate, it means Sir Keir Starmer will become prime minister with 410 Labour MPs - just short of Tony Blair’s 1997 total.

The Conservatives are predicted to slump to 131 MPs, their lowest number in post-war history.

At the past five UK general elections, the exit poll has been accurate to within a range of 1.5 and 7.5 seats.

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हाल ही में मशहूर पत्रकार श्याम लाल यादव की एक किताब प्रकाशित हुई है, जिसमें उन्होंने उत्तर प्रदेश के मुख्यमंत्रियों के जीवन पर नज़र दौड़ाई है. इनमें योगी आदित्यनाथ भी शामिल हैं, जो फिलहाल सूबे में सबसे अहम कुर्सी संभाल रहे हैं. लेकिन हालिया लोकसभा चुनावों में उत्तर प्रदेश में भाजपा का प्रदर्शन कमज़ोर रहा, ऐसे में आगे चलकर उनकी राजनीति और रणनीति क्या हो सकती है, इसी विषय पर विवेचना में रेहान फ़ज़ल चर्चा कर रहे हैं.

वीडियो एडिटिंग: सदफ़ ख़ान

#uttarpradesh #yogiadityanath #cmyogi

* ऐसे ही और दिलचस्प वीडियो देखने के लिए चैनल सब्सक्राइब ज़रूर करें-
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* बीबीसी हिंदी से आप इन सोशल मीडिया चैनल्स पर भी जुड़ सकते हैं-

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On this week’s AI Decoded, technology presenter Priya Lakhani explored the integration of AI and data analytics into sports, particularly at Wimbledon, to enhance the fan experience and protect players from online abuse.

The All-England Lawn Tennis Club is using artificial intelligence (AI) for the first time to protect players at Wimbledon from online abuse, via an AI-powered threat matrix.

This innovation in social media monitoring can help identify and report abusive messages, with an emphasis on shielding athletes' mental health.


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#Technology #Sports #BBCNews

CrowdScience investigates the conflicting scientific evidence around warm weather and wellbeing.

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Imagine spending six months of every year living in total shade. That’s what life is like for residents of the Norwegian town of Rjukan, set so low in a valley that they see no direct sunshine at all from October to March. Marnie Chesterton heads there to hear about an ingenious solution: giant mirrors that beam rays down into the town square, where locals gather to feel the reflected heat.

The man behind the project was motivated by a need for winter sun, but how much difference does it really make to our health and happiness? That’s the question posed by this week’s CrowdScience listener Michael, who has noticed living in the rainy Australian city of Melbourne is taking its toll.

Many pensioners claim sunshine relieves aches and pains, as well as conditions like arthritis, but one of the biggest scientific studies found temperature actually has no impact on reported pain levels, while factors like air pressure and humidity may play a role.

When it comes to our mood, it seems that spending time outside is more important than feeling the heat, and the optimum temperature for wellbeing is around cool 19 degrees centigrade, while excessive warm weather has been linked to an increase in violence and crime.

Check out more episodes of CrowdScience here: https://www.youtube.com/playli....st?list=PLz_B0PFGIn4

Contributors:
Dr Anna Beukenhorst, University of Manchester
Professor Oscar Ybarra, University of Illinois
Professor Solomon Hsiang, University of California, Berkeley
Martin Andersen, artist

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The Zephyr is not your usual aircraft.

It only travels at 40mph, it is launched by hand and it is completely solar-powered.

The unmanned craft flies high in the atmosphere, to avoid commercial air traffic and adverse weather.

So, what exactly is it used for?

This video is from BBC Click, the BBC’s flagship technology programme.

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#BBCNews

“You are what you eat” is a well-known saying. But is it really true? That’s what we explore in this episode of CrowdScience, thanks to a question from listener Claire from Australia.

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We each have trillions of tiny microbes and bacteria inside our bodies, living in our mouths, skin, ears and even in our eyes. Each community of microbes and bacteria is known as a microbiome. The most populous of these is in our gut, with hundreds of trillions of organisms and bacteria helping digest the food we eat.

Our gut microbiome is affected by lots of things but mainly by our diet. With our gut microbiome forming such a massive part of our insides, people have long suspected that what we eat impacts how we feel.

Presenter Caroline Steel investigates. She speaks to a professor of psychiatry, Jane Foster, to find out how interconnected our microbiome and our brain really are. Professor Foster also explains the different ways in which our microbiome and brain communicate.

Do we really know what role diet plays in mental health? Consultant psychiatrist Professor David Veale provides more detail. And at a café with a rather interesting menu, Caroline samples some of the food available as occupational therapist Joel Oliver explains how important food can be as part of mental health treatment.

This begs the question: If our microbiome really does influence our mental health, can we harness the power of microbes to potentially find new treatments to help our mental health? Dr Najaf Amin tells us about her research identifying the link between specific microbes and depression.

Watch more episodes of CrowdScience here 👉🏽 https://www.youtube.com/playli....st?list=PLz_B0PFGIn4

0:00 Introduction - what role does our gut play in our mental wellbeing?
2:36 What is the gut-brain axis and how does it work?
5:07 Link between gut bacteria, inflammation and mental health
6:58 Microbes produce metabolites
8:46 Are there any studies that link our microbiome directly with our mental health? 
10:18 The idea that what we eat can change how we feel has been around for thousands of years
11:15 John Porter-Phillips possibly did the first study linking diet to mental health 1914-1930
12:00 Guts: The patient-led cafe serving gut healthy food
16:07 Consultant psychiatrist David Veale: "Diet is one piece of the jigsaw"
19:03 What foods can support your physical and mental health?
20:22 Gizem Arat studies the impact diet has on mental health of people in sub-Saharan Africa
23:06 Could the future be a brain-friendly bacteria pill?
24:08 Conclusion

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ドナルド・トランプ前米大統領が13日、東部ペンシルヴェニア州バトラーで開いた支援者集会で演説中、銃声のようなものが響いた。前大統領は顔をしかめ、右耳を手で押さえ、すぐさま屈みこんだ。


警護担当のシークレットサービスが前大統領を取り囲むと、さらに銃声のような音が続いた。シークレットサービスに囲まれた状態で前大統領が立ち上がると、耳の周りから出血しているように見えた。


「靴をとらせてくれ」と前大統領がシークレットサービスに言うのが聞こえる。続いて前大統領はこぶしを突き上げ、観衆に向かって叫びながら、歩いて警備車両に乗り込んだ。


トランプ陣営によると、前大統領は「無事」という。


捜査当局は米メディアに、男性容疑者と観衆の1人が死亡したと明らかにした。


現場を目撃したというグレッグさんは、BBCのギャリー・オドノヒュー記者の取材に対し、前大統領が演説を始める5分ほど前に、「クマのように」屋根の上をはう不審な人影を見かけたと話した。その人影について、グレッグさんは警察に指摘したという。


「男はライフルを持っていた。明らかにライフルを持っているのが見えた。自分たちはこの男を指でさしていて、警察は地面を走り回っていた。『屋根の上にライフルを持った男がいるぞ』と言っていたのに、警察は何がなんだかわかっていなかった」と、グレッグさんは話した。


BBCニュースサイトの記事はこちら。
https://www.bbc.com/japanese/articles/c84jml89zggo

YouTubeのBBCチャンネル登録はこちらから。http://goo.gl/tYDMwU
BBCニュースの日本語ツイッターはこちらから。https://twitter.com/bbcnewsjapan

Donald Trump's granddaughter Kai Trump, 17, spoke at the Republican convention, telling personal stories about her grandfather.

Kai is the daughter of Donald Trump Jr, and his ex-wife, Vanessa Trump.

Her appearance is another example of how the campaign is pushing the 'Trump the family man' message.

Donald Trump Jr spoke about the vice-presidential nominee JD Vance and the recent assassination attempt on the former president.


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#Election #US #BBCNews

#quotamovement #bbcbanglanews

রবিবার সংবাদ সম্মেলনে বাংলাদেশের প্রধানমন্ত্রী শেখ হাসিনার দেয়া বক্তব্যের প্রতিবাদ জানাতে ঢাকা বিশ্ববিদ্যালয় সহ দেশের বেশ কয়েকটি বিশ্ববিদ্যালয় ক্যাম্পাসে রবিবার মধ্যরাতে বিক্ষোভ প্রদর্শন করে শিক্ষা‍‍র্থীরা।

*******************************************
বিবিসি নিউজ বাংলার ইউটিউব চ্যানেলে আপনাকে স্বাগতম।
এখানে আপনি দেখতে পাবেন দেশ ও দেশের বাইরের সমসাময়িক গুরুত্বপূর্ণ ঘটনাবলী নিয়ে বস্তুনিষ্ঠ ও বিশ্লেষণধর্মী প্রতিবেদন, বিবিসি নিউজ বাংলার টিভি অনুষ্ঠান প্রবাহ এবং বাংলাদেশ ট্রেন্ডিং-এর সকল কন্টেন্ট। নিয়মিত ভিডিও আপডেট পেতে এবং অনুষ্ঠান দেখতে সাবস্ক্রাইব করতে ভুলবেন না!

আমাদের সঙ্গে যুক্ত হতে পারেন:
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The number of people killed in Ukraine during a deadly Russian strike on Monday has reached 43.

More bodies have been found buried under the rubble from a residential building that was impacted in the strikes.

The attack was globally condemned, with US President Joe Biden saying it was a "horrific reminder of Russia's brutality".

Mr Biden, who is hosting a Nato summit in Washington on Tuesday, also vowed to strengthen Kyiv's air defences.

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Protesters have taken to the streets in Nairobi, Kenya, to challenge the government over a series of unpopular tax proposals - including a 16% levy on bread.

On Tuesday, hundreds of protestors - most of them younger people - braved tear gas lobbed by police to march through the capital, Nairobi, bringing the city's central business district to a standstill.

The government had earlier defended the tax hikes, which had been projected to raise $2.7bn (£2.1bn), saying they were needed to cut reliance on external borrowing.

MPs are now debating the revised bill and are expected to vote on it next Tuesday.

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#Kenya #BBCNews

The Prime Minister of Slovakia has undergone hours of emergency surgery after being shot multiple times while leaving a government meeting and passing through crowds of people in the town of Handlova.

Robert Fico was said to have been stabilised following “life threatening injuries”. It’s reported that five bullets were fired and he was hit in the stomach, arm and leg.

The suspect, a 71-year-old man, was arrested at the scene. Slovak media reports said he had worked as a security guard at a shopping mall and that the attack may have been politically motivated.

Slovakia has become increasingly polarised under Robert Fico’s government. His populist party is anti-EU and has opposed sending military aid to Ukraine, arguing that Slovakia should avoid foreign military engagements and focus on national priorities. His government is currently seeking to close down Slovakia's public broadcaster which it accuses of not being objective and creating political divisions. Opposition parties say the plan is a threat to democracy.

Reeta Chakrabarti presents BBC News at Ten reporting by Bethany Bell in Bratislava and Katya Adler in Brussels.

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Kenyan police have fired tear gas in the capital, Nairobi, and the coastal city of Mombasa to disperse anti-government protests.

In both city centres many businesses have remained closed.

Demonstrators have also taken to the streets of other cities including Kisumu.

Human rights groups say since the protests against a controversial finance bill began two weeks ago 39 people have been killed by security forces.


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#Kenya #BBCNews

Gunshots have reportedly been fired at Donald Trump's rally, with the former president rushed off stage by security staff.

Read more here:
https://news.sky.com/story/sho....ts-fired-at-donald-t

#trump #usa #skynews

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The story :
Ultra-processed food affects people’s mental abilities. That’s according to a new study in Australia which found older people were affected negatively by things like fast food and fizzy drinks. Meanwhile, research in the UK found almost 75% of calories in school lunches come from ultra-processed food. Health experts have called for there to be a limit on this type of food for schoolchildren.

Key words and phrases:

ultra- - extremely
• She’s ultra-serious about becoming a famous singer.
• He’s ultra-sensitive. Any criticism will make him cry.

cap - limit
• They put a cap on the number of people who can apply.
• There’s a cap on spending this year.

escape the cycle - get away from a situation which keeps getting worse
• They escaped the cycle of poverty through education.
• It’s hard to escape the cycle of drug addiction.

Chapters:
0:00 - Introduction
0:23 - Story
1:17 - Headline 1: New Telegraph - Study Ties Ultraprocessed Foods To Poor Cognitive Function
3:20 - Headline 2: The Times - Junk food cap demanded for school lunches
4:40 - Headline 3: The House - Escaping the Junk Food cycle: is it possible?
6:15 - Language summary

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The man who is suspected of attempting to kill former US President Donald Trump has been named.

The FBI has identified the gunman as 20-year-old Thomas Matthew Crooks - he was shot and killed by the Secret Service.

Trump was shot at during a rally in Pennsylvania on Saturday.

Trump, who emerged with a bloodied face, said he was shot in the ear.

The FBI said they are treating the incident as an assassination attempt.

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Reformist Masoud Pezeshkian has been elected as Iran’s new president, after beating his hardline conservative rival Saeed Jalili by nearly three million votes.

Speaking after the result was announced, he said he would extend his hand to all Iranians.

Dr Pezeshkian, a 71-year-old heart surgeon and member of the Iranian parliament, is critical of Iran’s notorious morality police and caused a stir after promising “unity and cohesion”, as well as an end to Iran's “isolation” from the world.

Millions of people boycotted the elections over the lack of choice in the candidates, dominated by Islamic hard liners, and the impossibility of real change as long as the supreme leader tightly controls policies.

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Kat Torres ganhou fama como modelo e influenciadora de beleza e bem-estar no Instagram. Ela oferecia serviços de coach com a promessa de "amor, dinheiro e a auto-estima que você sempre sonhou". Hoje, ela está detida em um em presídio em Bangu, no Rio de Janeiro, condenada a oito anos de prisão por tráfico humano e escravidão.

As investigações envolvendo Kat Torres começaram em setembro de 2022, quando duas jovens brasileiras que moravam na mesma casa que Kat Torres nos Estados Unidos foram dadas como desaparecidas - dando início a uma operação de buscas do FBI e das famílias das garotas.

Neste documentário, nosso repórter João Fellet e a BBC Eye, equipe investigativa da BBC, conversam com várias garotas que dizem terem sido vítimas de Kat Torres. Nossa reportagem também conversa com a própria Torres dentro da prisão. Confira.

Reportagem em texto: https://www.bbc.com/portuguese..../articles/cjm9w0npel

#bbcnewsbrasil #documentario #kattorres #influencers

The climate crisis is making our cities hotter, posing a significant health threat to those living in urban areas.

The BBC’s Carl Nasman explores the specific challenges cities face as temperatures rise and looks at the solutions already in action, including reflective surfaces and increasing greenery around our concrete jungles.

This is episode one of Future Earth, a series exploring today’s most important developments in climate science and sustainability.

For more climate news and hopeful developments, subscribe to the Future Earth newsletter here: https://cloud.email.bbc.com/Fu....tureEarth_Newsletter

#FutureEarth #Climate #BBCNews

CrowdScience listener Anthony from Cambodia asked us to find out why we lie and how conscious we are of the lies that we tell?

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CrowdScience’s Caroline Steel is in the hot seat, on a journey where she will attempt to untangle the complex story behind lying.

It’s a subject scientists and psychologists have been studying for a long time. It’s also something writers, philosophers and theologists have been interpreting for thousands of years. But we’re only now really starting to get to grips with how it works as a human behaviour.

There are lies in our folklore, lies in the media and also lies in everyday conversation. It’s something we’ve all had to learn to navigate at some point in our lives.

Our journey will take us to meet the world’s ‘second best liar’, an award she picked up at West Virginia’s Liar Contest. We’ll also meet a comedian who’s proud of the down-to-earth plain honesty of Dutch people.

An academic who has studied thousands of children’s brains will explain when we first start learning to lie. And we’ll hear about new research using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), which is helping to show how the more we actually lie, the less our brain reacts telling us not to.

Caroline looks at how lying changes from culture to culture. Do we really all lie? And do we lie in the same way? The surprising and intriguing answer is found in how early it develops in us as a human behaviour.

0:00 Introduction
2:40 When do we start lying?
4:50 From first lies to peak lying age around seven
5:50 Teenagers are the most honest age group
6:25 Different types of lie - white lies to red lies
8:15 How many lies do we tell a day?
10:00 The story of The Boy Who Cried Wolf
12:45 Meet Ariana, the world's second best liar
15:20 How can you get away with a lie?
16:10 What goes on in our brain when we lie?
18:30 Can we lie without realising it?
22:15 Differences in lying around the world

Watch more episodes of CrowdScience here 👉🏽 https://www.youtube.com/playli....st?list=PLz_B0PFGIn4

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Former Conservative prime minister Liz Truss has lost her seat in the UK general election.

Truss was standing in the constituency of South West Norfolk and lost to Labour by 630 votes.

In 2019, she won the seat with a majority of 26,195.

Truss spent only 45 days as prime minister in 2022 – resigning after a mini-budget went wrong.

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米ペンシルヴェニア州の集会会場で演説中のドナルド・トランプ前大統領に、約130メートル離れた建物の屋根の上から発砲し、負傷させたトマス・マシュー・クルックス容疑者は、いったいなぜ犯行に及んだのか、事件から3日がたってもまだ動機はわからないままだ。

他方、発砲に至る前日からの動きは、少しずつ明らかになってきた。

警備の不備をめぐる責任論が飛び交うなか、ジョー・バイデン大統領は警備について第三者による調査を指示した。

ギャリー・オドノヒューBBC北米政治担当編集委員が報告する。

BBCニュースサイトの記事はこちら。
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BBCニュースの日本語ツイッターはこちらから。https://twitter.com/bbcnewsjapan

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In the latest instalment of our Next Billionaires series, the BBC's Regan Morris speaks to some of the state's youngest entrepreneurs. Meet the youngsters starting and running their own businesses.

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Staying up late into the night. For some people, it’s just the way they prefer to live. But it could be affecting their health. New research from the US found that ‘night owls’ may be more likely to develop heart disease and diabetes. It’s because people who get up early burn fat for energy more easily.

Key words and phrases
night owls
people who like being active at night, and go to bed late
- I was a night owl at university. I always wrote my essays after midnight.
- She’s a night owl, which is why she’s often grumpy in the morning.

chronic
lasting for a long time
- After the accident, he suffered from chronic pain.
- There’s a chronic shortage of doctors. People have to wait months for treatment.

prone to
likely to do or be affected by something bad
- She has weak legs and is prone to injury.
- I don’t believe him. He’s prone to lying.

0:00 - Introduction
0:26 - Story
1:13 - Headline 1: SKY NEWS - Early bird or night owl? How your sleep cycle puts you at risk of heart disease and diabetes
2:55 - Headline 2: CNN - Night owls at high risk of certain chronic diseases, study says
4:55 - Headline 3: GUARDIAN - Night owls may be more prone to heart disease and diabetes, study finds
6:22 - Language summary

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Nearly 200 Ukrainian and Russian prisoners of war have been exchanged, following a mediation by the United Arab Emirates.

Each country swapped 95 prisoners, according to Russia’s Defence Ministry and Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky.

The swap was the third of its kind in recent months.

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Russian President Vladimir Putin has praised North Korea for "firmly supporting" Moscow's war in Ukraine, ahead of his first visit to Pyongyang in 24 years.

Mr Putin is expected to arrive in the capital to meet North Korean leader Kim Jong Un on Tuesday.

The two leaders last met in September at the Vostochny cosmodrome in Russia's far east, but this is Mr Putin’s first visit to Pyongyang since 2000.

The United States said it was concerned about the "deepening relationship between these two countries".

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Our brains get smaller as we get older. But this doesn't happen as fast in people who regularly take short sleeps during the day. That's according to a new study. Researchers suggest these naps might reduce the risk of developing conditions like Alzheimer's in later life. (Cover image: Getty)

👉Key words and phrases:
power nap
🔎short sleeps, usually during the working day, to help you perform better at your job.
- She took advantage of her lunch break to have a quick power nap.
- If you're feeling tired, take a quick power nap and then carry on.

sharp
🔎alert and quick thinking
- That's a great idea - you're sharp today!
- I don't feel very sharp after work.

hinder
🔎makes something difficult or worse.
- Long working hours can hinder family life.
- I was hindered by the bad weather and couldn’t get home.

✔️ 0:00 - Introduction
✔️ 0:26 - Story
✔️ 1:17 - Headline 1
✔️ 2:38 - Headline 2
✔️ 4:11 - Headline 3
✔️ 5:14 - Language summary

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Four hostages kidnapped by Hamas from the Nova music festival on 7th October have been rescued in a daylight raid in central Gaza, as scores of Palestinians were killed by Israeli attacks in the same area.

Noa Argamani, 26, Almog Meir Jan, 22, Andrei Kozlov, 27, and Shlomi Ziv, 41, were freed during a "high-risk, complex mission" from two separate buildings in the Nuseirat area, the Israel Defence Forces said.

The IDF said the released hostages were all in good health. They were reunited with their families at a medical centre near Tel Aviv.

Dozens of Palestinians, including children, were killed by Israeli forces in the area where the operation took place.

Two hospitals in Gaza said they had recorded 70 bodies while Hamas's government media office said at least 210 people had been killed.

Israel Defence Forces spokesman Daniel Hagari said Cogat, the Israeli defence ministry body in charge of civilian policy in the occupied West Bank and Gaza, estimated there had been fewer than 100 casualties.

Clive Myrie presents BBC News at Ten reporting by Hugo Bachega.

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Nato members have pledged their support for an "irreversible path" to future membership for Ukraine, as well as more aid.

While a formal timeline for it to join the military alliance was not agreed at a summit in Washington DC, the military alliance's 32 members said they had "unwavering" support for Ukraine's war effort.

Nato has also announced further integration with Ukraine's military and members have committed €40bn ($43.3bn, £33.7bn) in aid in the next year, including F-16 fighter jets and air defence support.

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More than 1,000 people are now reported to have died due to extreme heat in Saudi Arabia, while taking part in the annual Hajj pilgrimage to Mecca. Temperatures have reached close to 52C at the city’s Grand Mosque.

Many of those who have succumbed to the heat have been on unofficial trips, often without access to cooling measures including water stops and air conditioned areas.

Around two million people take part in the Hajj but each year tens of thousands of pilgrims make unofficial journeys as they cannot afford expensive official permits.

Lucy Hockings presents BBC News at Ten reporting by Caroline Hawley.

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The world's most famous shipwreck has been revealed as never seen before.

The first full-sized digital scan of the Titanic, which lies 3,800m (12,500ft) down in the Atlantic, has been created using deep-sea mapping.

It provides a unique 3D view of the entire ship, enabling it to be seen as if the wayer has been drained.

The hope is that this will shed new light on exactly what happened to the liner, which sank in 1912 - killing 1,500 people.

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Image credit: Atlantic Productions/Magellan

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PM Rishi Sunak holds his seat in Richmond and Northallerton, Yorkshire but says he takes responsibility for Conservatives losing the election.

Speaking after it was announced that he'd held on to his seat, he says "Labour has won this election" and that he's called Keir Starmer to congratulate him.

"Today, power will change hands in a peaceful and orderly manner, with goodwill on all sides. That is something that should give us all confidence in our country's stability and future."

Labour is expected to win 410 seats, with the Conservatives on 144.

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British physicist Brian Cox is challenged by the presenter of Radio 4's 'Life Scientific', Jim Al-Khalili, to explain the rules of quantum mechanics in just a minute. Brian succeeds; while conceding that the idea that everything is inherently probabilistic, is challenging. Even Einstein found it difficult.
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Hundreds of people are thought to have died during the Hajj pilgrimage in Saudi Arabia - most of them due to extreme heat as temperatures soared past 51 degrees Celsius.

AFP news agency quoted an Arab diplomat as saying 658 Egyptians had died. Indonesia said that more than 200 of its nationals had died. India said 98 people were known to have died.

Pakistan, Malaysia, Jordan, Iran, Senegal, Tunisia, Sudan and Iraq's autonomous Kurdistan region have also confirmed deaths. The US believes a number of Americans died, the Wall Street Journal reported.

Hajj is the annual pilgrimage made by Muslims to the holy city of Mecca.

All Muslims who are financially and physically able must complete the pilgrimage at least once in their lifetime.

About 1.8 million people have taken part this year, Saudi Arabia says.

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